{"id":9153,"date":"2020-12-09T15:07:10","date_gmt":"2020-12-09T15:07:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ul-standards.org\/iecah\/?p=9153"},"modified":"2021-09-22T10:06:09","modified_gmt":"2021-09-22T10:06:09","slug":"turquia-dic-2021","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ul-standards.org\/iecah\/turquia-dic-2021\/","title":{"rendered":"Turqu\u00eda en su soledad"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-image is-style-default\"><figure class=\"aligncenter is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i.imgur.com\/x1ir4GT.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"768\" height=\"512\"\/><figcaption>Foto:\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/unsplash.com\/photos\/nprbvlKO4D0\">Ramazan Tokay<\/a>\u00a0(Unsplash)<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Para&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/blog.realinstitutoelcano.org\/iran-a-punto-de-agotar-su-paciencia-estrategica\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Blog Elcano.<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Se ve\u00eda venir desde hace tiempo. El rumbo que&nbsp;<strong>Turqu\u00eda<\/strong>&nbsp;ha tomado, de la mano de un presidente cada vez menos preocupado por mantener las formas democr\u00e1ticas y cada vez m\u00e1s inspirado por un neootomanismo desaforado, est\u00e1 metiendo al pa\u00eds en un callej\u00f3n de muy dif\u00edcil salida. En un claro contraste con la f\u00f3rmula de \u201ccero problemas con los vecinos\u201d, que propugnaba hace una d\u00e9cada el entonces ministro de exteriores, Ahmet Davuto\u011flu, hoy el cambio de rumbo propiciado por&nbsp;<strong>Recep Tayyip Erdo\u011fan<\/strong>&nbsp;ha derivado en un c\u00famulo de tensiones ya no solo con sus adversarios regionales, sino incluso con sus aliados tradicionales.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Buena muestra de esto \u00faltimo ha sido&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nato.int\/cps\/en\/natohq\/events_179623.htm\">la reuni\u00f3n virtual de los ministros de exteriores de la OTAN<\/a>&nbsp;celebrada el pasado d\u00eda 1. En principio, el tema estrella del encuentro era la presentaci\u00f3n del&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nato.int\/nato_static_fl2014\/assets\/pdf\/2020\/12\/pdf\/201201-Reflection-Group-Final-Report-Uni.pdf\">documento que debe servir de gu\u00eda a la OTAN<\/a>&nbsp;para encarar la pr\u00f3xima d\u00e9cada, pero en la pr\u00e1ctica el foco principal del debate se centr\u00f3 en el intercambio de acusaciones, con Turqu\u00eda como blanco predilecto. As\u00ed, el secretario de Estado estadounidense, Mike Pompeo, abronc\u00f3 abiertamente a su colega turco, Mevl\u00fct \u00c7avu\u015fo\u011flu, por elevar la tensi\u00f3n con otros aliados en el&nbsp;<strong>Mediterr\u00e1neo oriental<\/strong>, y por la compra de los sistemas antia\u00e9reos rusos S-400, amenazando abiertamente con sanciones si llegan a ser activados. Y aunque la respuesta turca \u2013criticando a Washington por animar al resto de los aliados a sumarse al castigo a Ankara, por rechazar la venta de sistemas Patriot y por apoyar a grupos terroristas en Siria\u2013 trat\u00f3 de volcar la responsabilidad sobre quien lo se\u00f1alaba con el dedo acusador, el hecho m\u00e1s claro es que Ankara no encontr\u00f3 un solo apoyo entre sus 29 aliados en la Alianza. No sorprende, en ese contexto, que la petici\u00f3n turca de que la OTAN se implique en la resoluci\u00f3n del&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/blog.realinstitutoelcano.org\/tag\/libia\/\">conflicto libio<\/a>&nbsp;no haya sido atendida en modo alguno.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Para tensar a\u00fan m\u00e1s la cuerda, el Senado estadounidense aprob\u00f3 el pasado d\u00eda 3 el presupuesto de defensa para el pr\u00f3ximo a\u00f1o fiscal (por un total de 750.500 millones de d\u00f3lares), dejando activada una carga de profundidad de imprevisibles consecuencias. El texto considera que&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/blog.realinstitutoelcano.org\/turquia-el-aliado-incomodo-de-la-otan\/\">la compra turca de los S-400 rusos<\/a>, recibidos en julio de 2019, constituye una decisi\u00f3n que cae bajo la secci\u00f3n 231 de la CAATSA (Ley para Contrarrestar a los Adversarios de EEUU a trav\u00e9s de Sanciones, en vigor desde agosto de 2017, dise\u00f1ada inicialmente para sancionar a Rusia, Ir\u00e1n y Corea del Norte por sus ventas de armas a terceros). Aunque esa misma norma podr\u00eda usarse para castigar a Egipto por comprar material militar ruso, es obvio que Washington puede usarla a discreci\u00f3n contra quien desee, y hasta ahora Donald Trump no ha tenido reparos en manifestarse en contra de su aplicaci\u00f3n cuando ha podido afectar a algunos de sus interlocutores preferidos. Queda por ver&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/especiales.realinstitutoelcano.org\/eeuu\/2020\/\">qu\u00e9 har\u00e1 Joe Biden<\/a>&nbsp;a partir del pr\u00f3ximo 20 de enero.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Algo similar ocurre en el marco de la Uni\u00f3n Europea (UE). Ya no solo se trata de la ralentizaci\u00f3n, hasta su hibernaci\u00f3n, de&nbsp;<strong><a href=\"https:\/\/blog.realinstitutoelcano.org\/turquia-y-la-ue-nunca-digas-nunca\/\">la negociaci\u00f3n para la adhesi\u00f3n de Turqu\u00eda<\/a>&nbsp;<\/strong>al club comunitario, sino que se hace cada vez m\u00e1s probable la aplicaci\u00f3n de sanciones a Ankara. En esa direcci\u00f3n apunta el resultado de la reuni\u00f3n de ministros de asuntos exteriores de la UE del pasado d\u00eda 7, a la espera de una decisi\u00f3n final en el Consejo Europeo previsto para el pr\u00f3ximo d\u00eda 10. El&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.realinstitutoelcano.org\/wps\/portal\/rielcano_en\/contenido?WCM_GLOBAL_CONTEXT=\/elcano\/elcano_in\/zonas_in\/commentary-toygur-euco-diaries-will-tension-in-eastern-mediterranean-lead-to-a-watershed\">deterioro de las relaciones con Ankara<\/a>, con la controversia sobre la explotaci\u00f3n de posibles yacimientos submarinos de&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/blog.realinstitutoelcano.org\/gas-mediterraneo-oriental-como-solucion-y-como-problema\/\">hidrocarburos en zonas disputadas del Mediterr\u00e1neo oriental<\/a>, parece haber convencido incluso a Alemania \u2013mediador informal desde hace tiempo entre Atenas, Nicosia y Ankara\u2013 de la necesidad de aplicar sanciones, tal y como ya demandaron formalmente el pasado 26 de noviembre Francia y el Parlamento Europeo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Es obvio que Turqu\u00eda no puede ser excluida del Mediterr\u00e1neo oriental- donde cuenta con m\u00e1s kil\u00f3metros de costa que cualquier otro pa\u00eds ribere\u00f1o. Pero tambi\u00e9n parece claro que la huida hacia adelante en la que se ha metido Erdo\u011fan \u2013con una grave crisis econ\u00f3mica interna y un aventurerismo exterior que excede sus propias capacidades, desde Siria a Irak y Libia,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/blog.realinstitutoelcano.org\/panorama-internacional-nubes-de-tormenta-a-la-vista\/\">pasando por el Alto Karabaj<\/a>\u2013 no parece estar rindi\u00e9ndole muchos beneficios.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Para&nbsp;Blog Elcano. Se ve\u00eda venir desde hace tiempo. El rumbo que&nbsp;Turqu\u00eda&nbsp;ha tomado, de la mano &hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":194,"featured_media":14524,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[182,140],"tags":[196],"iecah_area":[],"iecah_language":[387],"class_list":["post-9153","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-actualidad","category-articulos","tag-construccion-de-paz-cp","iecah_language-espanol"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v17.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Turqu\u00eda en su soledad - IECAH<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/ul-standards.org\/iecah\/turquia-dic-2021\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"es_ES\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Turqu\u00eda en su soledad - IECAH\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Para&nbsp;Blog Elcano. 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